Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: A leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34631/sporl.373Keywords:
cytomegalovirus, congenital infection, sensorineural hearing lossAbstract
Introduction: Cytomegalovirus is the most common cause of congenital viral infection, being also a leading nonhereditary cause of sensorineural hearing loss.
Material and methods: From 2010 to 2014, patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infection were retrospectively analysed, in a single hospital centre.
Results: During the study period, 15 396 births were identified in our centre with 15 children (0,1%) meeting the inclusion criterion for the diagnosis of congenital CMV infection. From the baseline characteristics of the population we observed 53% male new borns (NB), with a mean gestational period of 34±5.1 weeks, 20% of premature births and 26% of NB with a very-low birth weight (≤1500g). A primary CMV infection was found in 75% of patients and 26% were co-infected with HIV type 1 virus. In this cohort, 26.7% of NB presented with a certain degree of hearing loss, with 13% of NB developing late hearing loss.
Conclusions: Congenital CMV infection can only be reliably diagnosed in the first three weeks of life. Furthermore, the deficiency of new-born CMV screening programs, and lack of standard definition for symptomatic infection during pregnancy and the neonatal period, the rigorous prevalence of congenital CMV infection and burden of CMV related SNHL are challenging to estimate.
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