Evaluation protocol for children with OSAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34631/sporl.17Keywords:
OSAS in children, Sleep Apnea, Adenotonsillar HypertrophyAbstract
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in children is a distinct pathophysiological entity compared to OSAS in adults. Consequently, criteria applied in the diagnosis and treatment planning are different.
Methods: Revision of the relevant medical literature, published in “Medline” in the last 10 years, related to OSAS in children in order to create a protocol with a careful anamnesis about signs and/ or symptoms of troubled breathing during sleep, other associated pathologies, important findings of upper airway obstruction in physical exam and established quality-of-life measures. A comprehensive review of the currently available diagnostic tools and treatment options was also performed.
Discussion: OSAS in children remains to be an important subject for otolaryngologists because of its high prevalence, although it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. The diagnostic and surgical criteria are still controversial and not well established.
Conclusion: We prepared a protocol for OSAS in children in order to create a standardized evaluation and data collection for future studies, about the clinical aspects and complementary exams that are more relevant to the diagnosis and prognosis of this pathology.
References
-Osler W. Chronic tonsillitis. The principles and practice of medicine. In: Appletown and Co. 1892: pp335-39.
-Guilleminault C. Sleep apnea in eight children. Pediatrics. 1976 July; 58(1): 23-30.
-Fabiani M. Surgery for Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Kugler. 2003: pp199-13.
-American Academy of Sleep Medicine. International classification of sleep disorders, 2nd ed. American Academy of Sleep Medicine; 2005.
-François G, Culée C. Le Syndrome d´apnée obstructives liées au sommeil chez le nourrison et l’enfant. Arch Pediatr. 2000 Oct; 7(10):1088-102.
-Capdevilla OS, Gozal L, Dayat E et al. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008 Feb; 5(2): 274-82.
-Pereira JC, Pessoa J. Síndrome da apneia/hipopnéia do sono: uma visão pediátrica. Rev Paul Pediatria. 2005; 23(4):184-91.
-Nascimento G, Salgado D, Maia MS et al. Impacto do tratamento cirúrgico na qualidade de vida das crianças com hiperplasia de tonsilas. Acta ORL/Técnicas em Otorrinolaringol. 2007 Jul; 25(2):119-23.
-Ramos RT. Actualização na Síndrome de Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono em Pediatria. Pulmão RJ, 2009, Sup 1:S2-S8.
-Guilleminault C, Lee JH, Chan A. Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Aug; 159(8):775-84.
-Friedman. Sleep Apnea and Snoring. In: Saunders Elsevier; 2009: pp414-20.
-Eftekharian A, Raad N, Gholami-Ghasri. Bruxism and adenotonsillectomy. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2008 Ap; 72(4):509-11.
-Bittencourt LR; Haddad FM; Fabbro C et al. Abordagem geral do paciente com SAOS. Rev Bras Hipertens. 2009 Jul; 16(3):158-63.
-Wong TK. Polysomnography in Children: 2006 Update. HK J Paediatr. 2007, 12:42-46.
-Avelino M, Pereira F, Carlini D et al. Avaliação polissonográfica da SAOS em crianças, antes e após adenoamigdalectomia. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 68(3):308-11.
-Álvarez ML, Santos JT, Guevara JA, Eguia A et al. Reliability of Respiratory Polygraphy for the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome in Children. Arch Broncopneumol. 2008; 44: 318-23.
-Wagner M, Torrez D. Interpretation of the Polysomnogram in Children. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2007; 40:745-59.
-Muzumdar H, Arens R; Diagnostic Issues in Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008; 5:263-273.
-Wijk L. A Longitudinal Study of Dentofacial Morphology in Young Children Treated for the Obstuctive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome. Karolinska Institutet, 2008.
-Toros S, Noseri H, Ertugay Ç et al. Adenotonsillar hypertophy: Does it correlate with obstructive symptoms in children? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010; 73: 1316-319.
-Brien L, Gozal D. Consequences of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome, Principles and Practice of Pediatric Sleep Medicine. Elsevier; 2005.
-Guilleminault C, Monteyrol PJ; Huynh et al. Adeno-tonsillectomy and rapid maxillary distraction in pre-pubertal children, a pilot study. Sleep Breath; 2010.
-Mitchell RB, Kelly J. Long-Term Changes in Behavior After Adenotonsillectomy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006; 134:374-378.
-Silva V, Leite A. Qualidade de vida em crianças com distúrbios do sono: avaliação pelo OSA-18. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2006; 72(6):747-56.
-Messner A. Treating Pediatric Patients with Obstructive Sleep Disorders: an Update. Otolaryngol Clin N Am. 2003; 36:519-30.
-Fernandes F, Veloso-Teles R. The Portuguese Version of the Children Obstructive Sleep Apnea-18 Survey: Results in 51 Patients. Sleep Medicine 2012, Artigo submetido.
-Veloso-Teles R, Castro-Sousa A, Vânia Henriques et al. Correlação do OSA-18-pv com o Estudo Polissonográfico em Crianças com SAOS (estudo preliminar). Rev Port. de ORL e Cir. Cerv. Facial 2012. Artigo submetido.
-Sancho E, Miró N. Tratamiento con presión positiva continua en los trastornos respiratorios del sueño en los niños. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2010; 61(Supl.1):74-9.
