Changes in dentofacial development in tracheostomized pediatric patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34631/sporl.2201Keywords:
Pediatric tracheostomy, dentofacial disharmony, absence of nasal flowAbstract
Considering the known impact of the absence of nasal flow on dentalfacial growth, tracheotomy should be considered to have a negative impact in pediatric age. The aim of this study is to caracterize the dentofacial development in a population of tracheostomized children. A sample of 29 patients was obtained, and frontal, profile and intra-oral dental photographs taken, and analysed by a stomatologist. The median age at which tracheotomy was performed was 3 months old. The underlying reason was due to superior airway obstruction (SAO) 38%, low respiratory failure/prolonged ventilation (LRF/PV) in 31%, and syndromes involving craniofacial dysmorphia in 31%. Of the patients with syndromes, 56% had severe dentofacial disharmony (DFD), 22% moderate and 22% mild; with LRF/PV, 44% had mild DFD, 56% had no DFD; with SAO, 36% had moderate DFD, 18% mild DFD and 45% had no DFD. The results indicate a high incidence of abnormal dental harmony, varying in degree, among tracheostomized children at an early age.
Downloads
References
D’Onofrio L. Oral dysfunction as a cause of malocclusion. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2019 May;22 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):43-48. doi: 10.1111/ocr.12277.
Elad D, Kozlovsky P, Blum O, Laine AF, Po MJ, Botzer E. et al. Biomechanics of milk extraction during breastfeeding. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 Apr 8;111(14):5230-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1319798111.
Pires SC, Giugliani ER, Caramez da Silva F. Influence of the duration of breastfeeding on quality of muscle function during mastication in preschoolers: a cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2012 Oct 31;12(1):934. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-934.
Romero CC, Scavone-Junior H, Garib DG, Cotrim-Ferreira FA, Ferreira RI. Breastfeeding and non-nutritive sucking patters related to the prevalence of anterior open bite in primary dentition. J Appl Oral Sci. 2011 Apr;19(2):161-8. doi: 10.1590/s1678-77572011000200013.
Peres KG, Cascaes AM, Peres MA, Demarco FF, Santos IS, Matijasevich A. et al. Exclusive breastfeeding and risk of dental malocclusion. Pediatrics. 2015 Jul;136(1):e60-7. doi: 10.1542/peds.2014-3276.
Limeira AB, Aguiar CM, de Lima Bezerra NS, Câmara AC. Association between breast-feeding duration and posterior crossbites. J Dent Child (Chic). 2014 Sep-Dec;81(3):122-7.
Sum FH, Zhang L, Ling HT, Yeung CP, Li KY, Wong HM. et al. Association of breastfeeding and three-dimensional dental arch relationships in primary dentition. BMC Oral Health. 2015 Mar 10:15:30. doi: 10.1186/s12903-015-0010-1.
Vázquez-Nava F, Quezada-Castillo JA, Oviedo-Treviño S, Saldivar-González AH, Sánchez-Nuncio HR, Beltrán-Guzmán FJ. et al. Association between allergic rhinitis, bottle feeding, non-nutritive sucking habits, and malocclusion in the primary dentition. Arch Dis Child. 2006 Oct;91(10):836-40. doi: 10.1136/adc.2005.088484
Wysocki J, Krasny M, Skarzyński PH. Patenty of nasopharynx and a cephalometric image in the children with orthodontic problem. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Dec;73(12):1803-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2009.10.001
Lorkiewicz-Muszyńska D, Kociemba W, Rewekant A, Sroka A, Jończyk-Potoczna K, Patelska-Banaszewska M. et al. Development of maxillary sinus from birth to age 18. Postnatal growth pattern. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Sep;79(9):1393-400. doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.05.032.
Grippaudo C, Paolantonio EG, Antonini G, Saulle R, La Torre G, Deli R. Association between oral habits, mouth breathing an malocclusion. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 2016 Oct;36(5):386-394. doi: 10.14639/0392-100X-770.
- Archambult N. Healthy breathing, ‘round the clock. ASHA Lead. 2018 Feb;23(2):48-54. doi.org/10.1044/leader.FTR1.23022018.48
Iwasaki T, Sato H, Suga H, Takemoto Y, Inada E, Saitoh I. et al. Relationships among nasal resistance, adenoids, tonsils, and tongue posture and maxillofacial form in class II and class III children. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2017 May;151(5):929-940. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.10.027.
Ma Y, Xie L, Wu W. The effects of adenoid hypertrophy and oral breathing on maxillofacial development: a review of the literature. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024 Jan;48(1):1-6. doi: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.001.
Rueda JR, Mugueta-Aguinaga I, Vilaró J, Rueda-Etxebarria M. Myofunctional therapy (oropharyngeal exercises) for obstructive sleep apnoea. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 3;11(11):CD013449. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013449.pub2.
Calvo-Henriquez C, Capasso R, Chiesa-Estomba C, Liu SY, Martins-Neves S, Castedo E. The role of pediatric maxillary expansion on nasal breathing. a systematic review and meta analysis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Aug:135:110139. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.110139.
Lin L, Zhao T, Qin D, Hua F, He H. The impact of mouth breathing on dentofacial development: a concise review. Front Public Health. 2022 Sep 8:10:929165. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.929165.
Proffit WR, Fields HW, Larson BE, Sarver DM. Contemporary Orthodontics. 6th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier; 2018. 744 p.
Bell WH, Proffit WR, White RP. Surgical Correction of Dentofacial Deformities. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1980.
Posnick JC. Orthognathic Surgery: Principles and Practice. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2014.
Grippaudo C, Pantanali F, Paolantonio EG, Grecolini ME, Saulle R, La Torre G. et al. Prevalence of malocclusion in Italian schoolchildren and orthodontic treatment need. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2013 Dec;14(4):314-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Portuguese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
